1. Technicians must master basic knowledge of auxiliaries. This is a prerequisite for selecting the right printing and dyeing auxiliaries. To effectively use auxiliaries, they must have a thorough understanding of their basic concepts, structure, performance, and usage characteristics. If any anomalies are discovered, they must be able to analyze the cause and address them promptly.

Even when encountering unfamiliar products, knowing their basic structure will allow for a thorough understanding. Therefore, when using new textile auxiliaries, the supplier must provide the auxiliaries' structural classification. For example, the user should be aware of whether the softener being used belongs to the amino silicone oil, hydroxy silicone oil, fatty amide, imidazoline, or fatty acid paraffin category. This will ensure a thorough understanding of the basic properties and prevent blind use.

2. A basic understanding of the solubility of textile auxiliaries and their stability to hard water and metal ions is essential. For example, anionic surfactants are more soluble in alkaline solutions than in acidic solutions, while cationic surfactants are the opposite. Amphoteric surfactants possess both anionic and cationic properties, while nonionic surfactants have less of an effect. While the solubility of the first three surfactants increases with increasing temperature, the solubility of nonionic surfactants decreases with increasing temperature, resulting in a cloud point. This cloud point must be above the operating temperature; otherwise, the additive loses its effectiveness and fails to function. The cloud point increases with increasing EO number and the amount of anionic additive incorporated, but decreases with increasing electrolyte content. If these three surfactants are used as leveling agents or dispersants in high-temperature, high-pressure dyeing, they will precipitate in the dye liquor due to operating temperatures significantly exceeding their cloud point (generally around 75°C). Far from being effective, they can actually agglomerate the dye, creating color spots.