Why do softeners make fabrics soft? First, let's discuss the concept of softeners. Softeners are a class of chemicals that modify the static and dynamic coefficients of friction of fibers. Modifying the static coefficient of friction results in a smoother feel and easier movement across the fiber or fabric. Modifying the dynamic coefficient of friction facilitates the movement of the microstructures between fibers, which in turn makes the fibers or fabric more deformable. The combined effect of these two factors is softness.

Softeners, as a common finishing agent for textiles, have been used for over half a century and have evolved rapidly. They have evolved from the earliest surfactant softeners to polymer softeners, then from high-molecular-weight polyethylene waxes to silicone polymers, and from polydimethylsiloxane emulsions to hydroxyl-terminated polysiloxane emulsions, hydrophilic silicone softeners, aminopolysiloxane emulsions, aminopolysiloxane microemulsions, low-yellowing amino-modified silicone softeners, hydrophilic aminosilicone softeners, and ultra-smooth amino-modified polysiloxanes.

Softening is a crucial finishing process in textile printing and dyeing. During the processing of textiles, they become roughened after repeated handling. This is particularly true for synthetic fiber fabrics, especially microfiber fabrics. To achieve a soft, smooth, and comfortable feel, textiles require finishing, and softeners are a widely used method. Softeners are also widely used in chemical fiber spinning, various fiber spinning, and weaving processes. This is because the increasing speed and low bath ratios used in textile processing increase friction between fabrics and between fabrics and equipment, which can easily cause scratches and streaks.

Softeners impart a softness and smoothness to fibers suitable for processing conditions, preventing damage. Therefore, textile softeners are important textile auxiliaries. New fibers, such as microfibers, are gaining widespread application. With increasing environmental awareness, softeners and their key components have undergone further refinements.